Abstrakt
Stały wzrost średniej długości życia człowieka w XXI wieku jest uważany za jedno z głównych wyzwań zdrowia publicznego. Jednak obecne osiągnięcia w zakresie długowieczności, najczęściej wiążą się z wydłużaniem lat w niepełnosprawności. Obecne doniesienia wskazują, że zdrową długowieczność osiąga się, dzięki zharmonizowanemu starzeniu się całego organizmu. Ze względu na kompleksowość starzenia się wyznaczono szereg markerów wieku biologicznego opisujących natężenie zmian ograniczających funkcje biofizjologiczne na różnych poziomach organizmu. Markery wieku biologicznego można podzielić na dwie kategorie: parametry określające poziom nasilenia molekularnych i komórkowych znaczników starzenia: niezdolność genomowa, zmiany długości telomerów, dysfunkcja mitochondriów, utrata proteostazy, zmiany epigenetyczne, senescencja komórkowa, deregulacja wrażliwości na składniki odżywcze, wyczerpanie komórek macierzystych, zmieniona komunikacja międzykomórkowa. Druga grupa to parametry określające wiek na poziomie układowym: wiek kostny, wiek mięśniowy, wiek naczyniowy, wiek neuronalny, wiek hormonalny, wiek pulmonologiczny, wiek glikanowy. Nowoczesne metody pomiaru markerów wieku biologicznego pozwalają na identyfikację słabych punktów starzenia i obrazują nierównomierność procesu starzenia. Warto rozważyć badanie biologicznych markerów wieku w celu ustalenia priorytetów interwencji promujących zrównoważone starzenia się.
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