Abstrakt
Poród przedwczesny, definiowany jako poród przed 37. tygodniem ciąży, jest główną przyczyną śmiertelności dzieci poniżej piątego roku życia i wymaga wdrożenia skutecznych działań zapobiegawczych. W 2020 roku przedwcześnie urodziło się 13,4 miliona noworodków, co podkreśla globalny charakter problemu. Progesteron odgrywa kluczową rolę w zapobieganiu porodowi przedwczesnemu w związku z jego wielokierunkowym wpływem na mechanizmy fizjologiczne. Wykazano, że podawanie progesteronu dopochwowo znacząco zmniejsza wskaźniki porodów przedwczesnych i śmiertelności noworodków wśród kobiet w ciąży wysokiego ryzyka. Niniejszy przegląd literatury ma na celu ocenę skuteczności progesteronu dopochwowego w zmniejszaniu wsytępowania porodów przedwczesnych. Dodatkowo oceniono adekwatność stosowania progesteronu w różnych przypadkach – w tym w ciążach pojedynczych z nieobciążonym wywiadem i wcześniejszymi samoistnymi porodami przedwczesnymi w wywiadzie, a także w ciążach mnogich. Przyszłe badania powinny dążyć do standaryzacji protokołów pomiaru szyjki macicy i dawkowania progesteronu, aby poprawić wyniki leczenia. Ostatecznie te działania są niezbędne dla poprawy zdrowia noworodków i zwiększenia wskaźników ich przeżywalności na całym świecie. Kompleksowe zrozumienie i lepsze wdrożenie tych praktyk jest kluczowe w celu poprawy wyników perinatalnych.
Bibliografia
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