Abstract
The aging society in the European Union (EU) is a long-lasting trend and it is reflected in transformations of the age structure of the European population. These changes lead and will continue to lead to an increasing demand for care and support for elderly persons in the foreseeable future. Bearing this in mind, it is important to define the health and social needs of the elderly subpopulation in order to properly plan and implement actions within the broadly understood senior policy. Advanced age and the related diseases as well as geriatric syndromes are associated with a gradual deterioration of mobility and loss of independence that lead to disability and lower quality of life. According to the Public Opinion Research Centre (CBOS) the second most frequently indicated source of satisfaction of seniors are their ties with the “small homeland”. Responsible senior policy recognizes the fact that the stay of older people in a well-known, friendly environment with which they are emotionally connected, improves their well-being and, if the place of residence is properly adapted to their needs, improves the quality of life. The above rule complements and clarifies the assumptions of the model of community support for seniors taking into account the principles of independence, participation, care, self-fulfilment and dignity. The use of modern supporting technologies such as telecare and telemedicine or mobile phone applications allow for monitoring and support of the elderly, including the chronically ill, using teleinformation tools in their home setting. Since we are still a country with a relatively low level of advancement in terms of economy and digital society, it is necessary to undertake actions aimed at eliminating the existing social divisions through profiling targeted assistance.
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59. Resolution No. 161 of the Council of Ministers of 26 October 2018 on the adoption of “Social policy regarding the elderly 2030. Safety – Participation – Solidarity” (M.P. [Polish Monitor] 30 November 2018, item 1169): https://www.gov.pl/web/rodzina/polityka-spoleczna-wobec-osob-starszych-2030-bezpieczenstwo-uczestnictwo-solidarnosc
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by territorial division in 2020. As of 30th Dec. 2019, GUS, Warsaw 2020
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13. Sęk H, Cieślak R, Social support – methods of defining types and kinds of support, chosen theoretical concepts, in: Social support, stress and health Sęk H, Cieślak R, editors. PWN, Warsaw 2004: 20.
14. Kanios A. Social work with elderly people and geriatric care as a modern challenge. Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska Lublin – Polonia VOL. XXXI, 1 (J) 2018: 209-218
15. Grochowska J. Feeling of satisfaction and being burdened with duties among informal care givers of the elderly according to the level of efficacy of care recipients. Medycyna Ogólna i Nauki o Zdrowiu. 2014, 20, (1): 46-50
16. Bartoszek A, Ślusarska B, Kocka K et al.. Selected determinants of burden to informal caregivers caring for the elderly with a functional performance deficit at home. Gerontologia Polska 2019; 27: 208-214
17. Gołębiowska P. Danger in Working with the Elderly – Selected problems. Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska. Lublin Polonia. vol. XXX, 4, (J) 2017:221-231
18. Kasbach A. Potrzeby rehabilitacji w przewidywalnej przyszłości. 2003. http://idn.org.pl/lodz/Mken/MKEN%202003/referaty/Kabsch.pdf
19. Simpson RC, LoPresti EF, Cooper RA, How many people would benefit from a smart wheelchair? Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development 2008; 45(1):53–72 Doi: 10.1682/JRRD.2007.01.0015]
20. Mikołajewska E, Mikołajewski D. Industrial safety of rehabiitation robots: Bezpieczeństwo pracy: nauka i praktyka.2012; 2:10.
21. Mikołajewska E, Mikołajewski D. Exoskeletons in Neurological Diseases – Current and Potential Future Applications. Adv Clin Exp Med 2011;20 (2): 227-233
22. Mikołajewska E, Mikołajewski D. Industrial safety of rehabiitation robots Industrial safety: nauka i praktyka.2012; 2:9.
23. Mikołajewska E, Mikołajewski D. Telerehabilitation. Rehabilitation in Practice 2011;1:64-67
24. Mikołajewska E, Mikołajewski D. Applications of automatics and robotics in wheelchairs and medical exoskeletons. „Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka” 2011; 5: 58-64.
25. Kukiełka K. This Business Technology Roadmap for medical robots sector. Polska Agencja Rozwoju Przedsiębiorczości, 2019: 40
26. Bionic hand. Polski projekt może być przełomem, Business Insider Polska, https://businessinsider.com.pl/technologie/bioniczna-reka-vbionic-polski-startup-szuka-inwestora/0cvqwld.
27. vBionic. https://vbionic.com/?fbclid=IwAR2gMvm-T9C_Ngxut11eSSVlRBmkUPrAeMZzK95WCCVfosXfNPpL1_DV6tQ
28. Bechtold U, Sotoudeh M. Assistive technologies: Their development from a technology assessment perspective. Gerontology 2013; 11: 521-533.
29. Gil A, Sousa de São José JM, Moniz AB, editors. Technologies in care for older people. EPTA report 2019:13
30. Kukiełka K. This Business Technology Roadmap for medical robots sector. Polska Agencja Rozwoju Przedsiębiorczości, 2019:64
31. WHO. Telemedicine. Opportunities and developments in Member states. Report on the second global survey on eHealth. 2010:9.
32. Raja M, Bjerkan J, Kymre IG, et al. Telehealth and digital developments in society that persons 75 years and older in European countries have been part of: a scoping review. BMC Health Serv Res. 2021; 21: 1157.
33. Olszanowski R, Gierek R, Skrzypek M. Krajowa Izba Gospodarcza. Report: Uwarunkowa-nia Rozwoju telemedycyny w Polsce. Potrzeby, bariery, korzyści, analiza rynku, rek-omendacje. 2016; 1-45.
34. Molinari G, Molinari M, Di Biase M, et al. Telecardiology and its settings of application: An update. J Telemed Telecare. 2018; 24: 373-381.
35. Bassi G, Mancinelli E, Dell'Arciprete G, et al. Efficacy of eHealth interventions for adults with diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021; 18:8982
36. Gaspar AGM, Lapão LV. eHealth for addressing balance disorders in the elderly: Systemat-ic review. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23: e22215.
37. Paszkowska M. Telerehabilitation - selected legal problems. Physiotherapy and Rehabilita-tion 2020;117. https://www.praktycznafizjoterapia.pl/artykul/telerehabilitacja-wybrane-aspekty-prawne
38. Kraaijkamp JJM, van Dam van Isselt EF, Persoon A, et al. Achterberg WP. eHealth in geri-atric rehabilitation: Systematic review of effectiveness, feasibility, and usability. J Med In-ternet Res. 2021;23: e24015.
39. Decision No. 63/2015/DSOZ of the National Health Fund President, https://www.nfz.gov.pl/zarzadzenia-prezesa/zarzadzenia-prezesa-nfz/zarzadzenie-nr-632015dsoz,6410.html
40. Sülz S, van Elten HJ, Askari M, et al. eHealth Applications to Support Independent Living of Older Persons: Scoping Review of Costs and Benefits Identified in Economic Evalua-tions. J Med Internet Res. 2021 Mar 9;23(3): e24363.
41. Wilson J, Heinsch M, Betts D, et al. Barriers and facilitators to the use of e-health by older adults: a scoping review. BMC Public Health. 2021 Aug 17;21(1):1556.
42. Kancelaria Senatu, Biuro Analiz i Dokumentacji. 2015. Digital exclusion in Poland. https://www.senat.gov.pl/gfx/senat/pl/senatopracowania/133/plik/ot-637_internet.pdf
43. Wilson J, Heinsch M, Betts D, et al. Barriers and facilitators to the use of e-health by older adults: a scoping review. BMC Public Health. 2021 Aug 17;21(1):1556.
44. Wrześniewska-Wal I, Hajdukiewicz D. Telemedicine in Poland
– legal, medical and ethical aspects. Studia Prawnoustrojowe 2020; 50: 509-523.
45. Hood M, Wilson R, Corsica J, Bradley L, Chirinos D, Vivo A. What do we know about mobile applications for diabetes self-management? A review of reviews. Journal of Behavioral Medicine 2016; 39: 981-994
46. Phillip M, Bergenstal RM, Close KL, et al. The Digital/Virtual Diabetes Clinic: The Future Is Now-Recommendations from an International Panel on Diabetes Digital Technologies Introduction Diabetes Technol Ther. 2021; 23:146-154.
47. Phillip M, Bergenstal RM, Close KL, et al. The Digital/Virtual Diabetes Clinic: The Future Is Now-Recommendations from an International Panel on Diabetes Digital Technologies Introduction Diabetes Technol Ther. 2021; 23:146-154.
48. Rodríguez AQ, Wägner AM, Mobile phone applications for diabetes management: A systematic review. Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr 2019; 66: 330–337.
49. Lum E, Jimenez G, Huang Z, et al. Decision Support and Alerts of Apps for Self-management of Blood Glucose for Type 2 Diabetes. JAMA 2019; 321:1530–1532
50. Fleming GA, Petrie JR, Bergenstal RM, et al. Diabetes digital app technology: benefits, challenges, and recommendations. A consensus report by the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) and the American Diabetes Association (ADA) Diabetes Technology Working Group Diabetologia 2020; 63:229–241.
51. Kebede MM, Pischke CR. Popular Diabetes Apps and the Impact of Diabetes App Use on Self-Care Behaviour: A Survey Among the Digital Community of Persons With Diabetes on Social Media. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2019; 10: 135.
52. Petrie, J.R., Peters, A.L., Bergenstal, R.M. et al. Improving the clinical value and utility of CGM systems: issues and recommendations. Diabetologia 2017;60:2319–2328. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-017-4463-4
53. Poolsup, N, Suksomboon, N, Kyaw, A.M. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) on glucose control in diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr2013; 5, 39. https://doi.org/10.1186/1758-5996-5-39
54. Welschen L.M., Bloemendal E., Nijpels G, et al. Self-monitoring of blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes who are not using insulin: a systematic review. Diabetes Care 2005; 28: 1510-1517
55. Cyganek K, Małecki MT. Continuous glucose monitoring in patients with diabetes — a review of available systems Diabetologia Praktyczna 2010, 11, 5: 167-171.
56. Polish Diabetes Association. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in diabetes: consensus statement for clinical use by the Polish Diabetes Associationn. Diabetologia, 2014; 3.2: 84-90.
57. Szmigielska B, Bąk A, Hołda M. Seniors as Internet users, Nauka 2012, 2: 141–
155.
58. Information society in Poland. Results of statistical surveys in the years 2014–2018, Statistics Poland, Warsaw 2019
59. Resolution No. 161 of the Council of Ministers of 26 October 2018 on the adoption of “Social policy regarding the elderly 2030. Safety – Participation – Solidarity” (M.P. [Polish Monitor] 30 November 2018, item 1169): https://www.gov.pl/web/rodzina/polityka-spoleczna-wobec-osob-starszych-2030-bezpieczenstwo-uczestnictwo-solidarnosc
60. Monitor Polski, Resolution No. 191 of the Council of Ministers on the establishment of the multi-annual program "Senior +" for 2021–2025 Warsaw, 11 January 2021
61. Zgliczyński W. Poland. Elderly population. Facts and Figures. In: Gil A, Sousa de São José JM, Moniz AB, editors. Technologies in care for older people EPTA report 2019:85-89
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