Quality of Life in Adults with Growth Hormone Deficiency: A Comprehensive Review of Clinical Evidence and Psychological Impacts

Abstract

Adult growth hormone deficiency (AGHD) negatively affects quality of life (QoL) through physical, metabolic, and psychological impairments. Growth hormone (GH) replacement therapy may improve QoL, but individual responses vary. This review summarizes current evidence on QoL in untreated and treated AGHD, explores factors influencing outcomes, and highlights gaps in research and clinical practice. Growth hormone therapy improves QoL in most patients, especially those with low baseline well-being. Women and younger patients report greater benefits. Psychological and behavioral factors, including coping strategies and beliefs about treatment, significantly influence outcomes. Improvement in QoL should be a central outcome in AGHD management. Future research must address long-term outcomes, adherence, and patient-centered metrics, especially in underrepresented subgroups such as traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors and transitioning adolescents.