The Autism Spectrum in Clinical Practice: Recognition and Differential Diagnosis of Symptoms with Consideration of Age-Related Dynamics and Sex Differences.

Aleksandra Lewandowska

doi:10.36553/wm.175

Published: 2025-11-26

Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025)

The Autism Spectrum in Clinical Practice: Recognition and Differential Diagnosis of Symptoms with Consideration of Age-Related Dynamics and Sex Differences.

Aleksandra Lewandowska

Wiedza Medyczna

Section: Review papers

https://doi.org/10.36553/wm.175

Abstract

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie wieloaspektowego przeglądu zaburzeń ze spektrum autyzmu (ASD), z uwzględnieniem aktualnych kryteriów diagnostycznych, płci i różnic między płciami, dynamiki objawów w ciągu życia oraz interdyscyplinarnych aspektów terapii. Autor omawia ewolucję w rozumieniu autyzmu - od sztywnych klasyfikacji do współczesnego podejścia spektrum - i przedstawia najnowsze odkrycia epidemiologiczne i etiologiczne, podkreślając złożone wzajemne oddziaływanie czynników genetycznych, środowiskowych i neurobiologicznych. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na kliniczny obraz ASD u dziewcząt i kobiet, a także na kwestię kamuflażu objawów, który często utrudnia wczesną identyfikację. W artykule omówiono również funkcjonowanie osób z ASD na różnych etapach życia – od wczesnego dzieciństwa do dorosłości – i podkreślono potrzebę elastycznych, zindywidualizowanych strategii wsparcia. W kontekście leczenia podkreśla się znaczenie współpracy międzysektorowej i podejść afirmujących neuroróżnorodność. W artykule poruszono również praktyczne wyzwania diagnostyczne oraz nakreślono kierunki dalszych badań i systemowych usprawnień w zakresie udzielania wsparcia. Praca ta stanowi cenną syntezę wiedzy klinicznej, społecznej i systemowej, przydatną zarówno dla profesjonalistów, jak i osób zainteresowanych autyzmem z perspektywy interdyscyplinarnej.

Keywords:

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD), symptoms, diagnosis, sex differences, effecitve intervention

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Lewandowska, A. (2025). The Autism Spectrum in Clinical Practice: Recognition and Differential Diagnosis of Symptoms with Consideration of Age-Related Dynamics and Sex Differences. Wiedza Medyczna, 7(2), 28–52. https://doi.org/10.36553/wm.175

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